What is the process of destructive distillation of organic compounds in an oxygen-free environment called?

The process of destructive distillation of organic compounds in an oxygen-free environment is called pyrolysis. This technique involves the thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen, breaking down complex organic molecules into simpler compounds. The products of pyrolysis can include gases, liquids, and char, depending on the nature of the organic material and the conditions under which pyrolysis is conducted.

Pyrolysis is commonly used in various applications, such as converting biomass into biofuels, processing waste materials, and producing activated carbon. The key aspect of pyrolysis is the absence of oxygen, which prevents combustion and allows for the controlled breakdown of organic substances into useful byproducts. This distinguishes it from other processes like combustion, which involves burning materials in the presence of oxygen, leading to different outcomes and products.