Which access control method requires physical interaction by users for operation?

The correct answer is biometric recognition, as this method relies on unique physical characteristics of individuals, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans, requiring them to physically interact with the biometric sensors for access. The fundamental principle is that these physical traits are unique to each person, which means the user must be present and actively engage with the technology to be granted access.

In contrast, remote access controls do not require physical interaction; they allow users to operate systems from a distance, often through electronic devices. Smartphone applications typically also enable users to control systems without needing to be physically present at the access point. Automated gate systems can function with minimal interaction, often relying on codes, cards, or remote activation, which does not necessitate the user's physical presence. Thus, biometric recognition stands out because it explicitly demands a direct, physical engagement from the user to validate identity.